Indication :
Blood transfusion therapy
Erythroblastosis fetalis
Paternity determinations
Pregnancy
Preoperatively
What is it ?
The ABO blood group is the phenotype of a client's blood resulting from genetic inheritance. It is known having four most common phenotypes are A, B, AB, and O, referring to the type of antigen present on the surface of red blood cells. Rh type is performed to know whether an Rh antigen is present (Rh positive) or absent (Rh negative) on the surface of a client's red blood cells. Routine testing usually involves only the Rh0(D) antigen.
If a client having Rh-negative and receives Rh-positive blood, he or she will develop Rh antibodies, and future Rh-positive transfusions may cause a transfusion reaction. In pregnancy, antibodies from an Rh-negative mother may hemolyze fetal erythrocytes in a fetus that has inherited the Rh-positive antigen from the father (erythroblastosis fetalis, or hemolytic disease of the newborn). This test determines the specific ABO phenotype and Rh type by determining which A and B red blood cell antigens are present as well as whether the Rh0(D) antigen is present.
How to perform this procedure?
1. Not required inform consent
2. Assess client for history of recent blood transfusion reaction, which can result in a positive antibody screen and require further testing. Write affirmative history on blood bank requisition.
3. Prepare tube with Red topped, red/gray topped, or gold topped, 1 or 2 tubes.
4. Ask thepatient to state full name and compare with the client's name band. Label the sample tube and laboratory requisition with the client's name, identification number, date, time, and initials and sign it.
5. Draw one or two 10-mL blood samples, depending on your department.
6. Tell patient or family that the result is available within 24 hours
What is the factor can effect the results ?
1. Hemolyzed specimen invalidates results.
2. Specimen drawn from extremity into which blood or dextran is infusing invalidates results.
3. Drugs causing a false-positive Rh test include levodopa, methyldopa, and methyldopate hydrochloride.
4. Abnormal plasma proteins, cold autoagglutinins, positive direct antiglobulin test, and in some cases, bacteremia may interfere with results.
Noted :
1. The test must be performed within 48 hours of specimen collection.
2. ABO incompatibility is a significant prognostic risk factor in allogeneic bone marrow transplant for acute myelogenous leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome.
3. Amerindians are blood group O. Incom-patible platelet products that are transfused can cause acute intravascular hemolysis.
